Ah, copper. That old bugaboo of the biodynamic world. Take a look at the fiery comments on the previous entry and its easy to see the emotion about the bordelaise mixture --the fungicide originally created as a treatment for downy mildew Plasmopara viticola has been commercially produced for vineyards since 1885.
Yes. Copper is toxic. But the question is, are the amounts used in Biodynamics safe or not?
So I turned to Nicolas Joly, the famed Biodynamist and leader of the Return to Terroir group. His answer to me popped up in my in-box this morning.

Nicolas and his horse, taken at Le Coule in the winter of '06.
Hello Alice,
About copper. it is very easy to understand. It is a metal. Its archetypal forces are Venus . Dilutions of cooper or plants which are grown by laboratories on soil saturated with cooper, is/are used as a therapy to cure problems on many people. So it is used as medicine more and more often in alternative medicine because modern farming have almost totally destroyed the capacity of food to cure people (food should be considered as medicine). So all metals have a part to play for our health.
Then comes the question of quantity. How much too much of a good thing is a problem.
We need oxygen, but too much oxygen will burn your lungs very fast. Should you for that reason forbid oxygen?
On vineyard were BD is practiced, where the soil are alive, where the living elements of the soil can help its " digestion " 3 to 5 kg of cooper per hectare is a plus. That means as bouillie bordelaise is concentrated at 2O% of cooper (8O%chalk ) you can use up to 2OKG of bouilllie per year per hectare . Which is more than enough; which all BD people find sufficien.t I use from 2kg to 6 per year. 6 for the very high mildew pressure.
Last this story on the toxicity of cooper is pushed by the chemical industry that has more and more difficulty to sell their poisons.
Last, get hold of the 2 hours broadcast of 2 weeks ago ( a DVD is available ) on Monsanto done by Arte the 5th TV channel very well-known in France and Germany. I would not think such a thing would come on TV. All the tricks, lies, threatening done by Monsanto and their government connections. Confessions also. Fabulous. It is a must !!!
See you somewhere
Nicolas
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Of course, scientists need proof. And from what I can see no one on the BioD side is doing any tests on the veracity of low dosage safety.
The truth I am sure, like most, is somewhere in between. But my emotions side with Joly. The best BD farmers will use as little copper as possible. Clearly in the wet 2007, there were more treatments than in other years. However, I trust that the best Biodynamists still used the treatment reasonably while others were spendthrift.
I imagine its frequent use inspired the film Les Raisins de la Mort (1978, Jacques Rollin) where the culprit, with its telltale blue color, is some vine 'pesticide.'
Why they are spraying this stuff after harvest is another question but the auteur, clearly wasn't a winemaker.

Clearly not a biodynamic vineyard.
The pesticide turns the vineworkers into oozing sored zombies with leaking brains. All one has to do is either be exposed to the spray or exchange some sort of bodily fluid. The film is classic shtick, I got my copy from Amazon, but I do wonder about where the inspiration for its hysteria originated.
Fun, nevertheless.
And then there was this late breaking news: I was drinking a glass of the puppy breathed and exuberant Olivier Cousin 2004 Le Breton, eating steamed asparagus (oh god, who would have thought! for those of you wooses (sp?) I survived the match) and read a very timely piece in the New York Times about electricity and plants.
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Powdery mildew begone? Perhaps. But I wonder, perhaps this is what today's current ( no pun intended) biodynamists (and I'm not talking about those who wave horns above heads like flags) are trying to do in other ways of magnetism?
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